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白居易纯粹写景的作品很少，这是一首颇为人称道的小诗。全诗构思妙绝之处，在于摄取了两幅幽美的自然界的画面，加以组接。一幅是夕阳西沉、晚霞映江的绚丽景象，一幅是弯月初升，露珠晶莹的朦胧夜色。两者分开看各具佳景，合起来读更显妙境，诗人又在诗句中妥帖地加入比喻的写法，使景色倍显生动。由于这首诗渗透了诗人自愿远离朝廷后轻松愉悦的解放情绪和个性色彩，因而又使全诗成了诗人特定境遇下审美心理功能的艺术载体。
“一道残阳铺水中，半江瑟瑟半江红。”写夕阳落照中的江水。“一道残阳铺水中”，残阳照射在江面上，不说“照”，却说“铺”，这是因为“残阳”已经接近地平线，几乎是贴着地面照射过来，确像“铺”在江上，很形象；这个“铺”字也显得委婉、平缓，写出了秋天夕阳独特的柔和，给人以亲切、安闲的感觉。
“半江瑟瑟半江红”，天气晴朗无风，江水缓缓流动，江面皱起细小的波纹。受光多的部分，呈现一片“红”色；受光少的地方，呈现出深深的碧色。诗人抓住江面上呈现出的两种颜色，却表现出残阳照射下，暮江细波粼粼、光色瞬息变化的景象。诗人沉醉了，把他自己的喜悦之情寄寓在景物描写之中了。
“可怜九月初三夜”，是个过渡。可怜，可爱。九月初三，是农历，指进入深秋。意思说：深秋的夜晚多么可爱啊!前两句描写日落时景象，这一句很自然地把时间从日落过渡到夜晚。看似随意写来，实际很重要，让读者明确感到时间在推移，继续观赏后面的画面。
最后一句“露似珍珠月似弓”。意思说：露水像珍珠一样晶莹光亮，弯弯的月亮像弓一样。秋天的江边夜色降临，空气湿润，草木上都凝结起露珠，“露似珍珠”，写出秋叶特点。九月初三，月亮刚出现，还是月牙儿，弯弯的，所以说像一张弓。“月似弓”，进一步点出月初的秋夜。这句重点写了秋夜露珠和新月，连用两个新颖贴切的比喻，描绘出深秋月夜的迷人景象。
诗人通过“露”、“月”视觉形象的描写，创造出和谐、宁静的意境，用这样新颖巧妙的比喻来精心为大自然敷彩着色，描容绘形，给读者展现了一幅绝妙的画卷。由描绘暮江，到赞美月露，这中间似少了一个时间上的衔接，而“九月初三夜”的“夜”无形中把时间连接起来，它上与“暮”接，下与“露”、“月”相连，这就意味着诗人从黄昏时起，一直玩赏到月上露下，蕴含着诗人对大自然的喜爱、热爱之情。
另外，值得读者注意的是这首诗中的时间问题。《暮江吟》写了三个不同的“时间”。通过以上分析，《暮江吟》前两句写的时间是日落前（一小段时间）或日落时；后两句主要写日落后（一小段时间），即黄昏；由后两句还引伸出夜里一段时间。这完全符合作者的观赏顺序，即作者先于日落前看到了“残阳铺照”，又于日落后看到了“月似弓”，再于夜间看到了“露似真珠”。大多数资料都认为，“月似弓”与“露似珍珠”是作者于夜间同一时刻看到的，前写天上，后写地下。其实这是因为缺少天文、气象常识，忽视了两种自然现象之间的“时间差”问题。如前所述，作者看到“九月初三”、“月似弓”之时，只能是在日落后不久。此时，由于太阳刚刚落山不久，地面散失的热量还不多，凉露尚未形成；而等到夜里“露似真珠”之时，似弓之月却又早已沉入西方地平线以下了。▲
appreciation
Bai Juyi’s works of pure landscape painting are very few, and this is a little poem that is highly praised. The wonderful idea of the whole poem is that it captures two beautiful pictures of nature and combines them. One is the gorgeous scene of the setting sun sinking in the west and the sunset glow reflecting the river, and the other is the hazy night when the crescent moon rises and the dewdrops are crystal clear. Both of them look at each beautiful scene separately, and when they are read together, it is more beautiful. The poet also appropriately adds the figurative writing method to the poem to make the scene more vivid. Because this poem permeates the relaxed and joyful liberation mood and personality color of the poet after he voluntarily left the court, it also makes the whole poem become the artistic carrier of the aesthetic psychological function of the poet under specific circumstances.
“A setting sun spreads in the water, half the river is rustling and half the river is red.” Write about the river in the sunset. “A setting sun spreads the water”. When the setting sun shines on the river, it does not say “shine”, but “spread”. This is because the “setting sun” is close to the horizon and almost shines against the ground, which is really like “spread” on the river, very vivid; The word “Pu” is also euphemistic and gentle, which expresses the unique softness of the autumn sunset and gives people a feeling of kindness and ease.
“Half the river is rustling and half the river is red”, the weather is sunny and windless, the river flows slowly, and the river surface is wrinkled with small ripples. The part receiving more light presents a “red” color; The place with little light presents a deep blue color. The poet grasped the two colors on the river surface, but it showed the scene that the twilight river was sparkling and the light color changed rapidly under the setting sun. The poet was so intoxicated that he put his own joy in the description of the scenery.
“Poor the third night of September” is a transition. Poor, lovely. The third day of September is the lunar calendar, referring to the late autumn. What a lovely late autumn night! The first two sentences describe the scene at sunset, which naturally transits time from sunset to night. It seems to be written casually, but actually it is very important for readers to clearly feel the passage of time and continue to watch the following pictures.
The last sentence is “The dew is like a pearl and the moon is like a bow”. It means that dew is as bright as pearls, and the curved moon is like a bow. In autumn, when night falls on the riverside, the air is humid and dewdrops condense on the vegetation. “Dew is like a pearl”, which describes the characteristics of autumn leaves. On the third day of September, the moon just appeared. It was still the crescent moon, so it looked like a bow. “The moon is like a bow”, further pointing out the autumn night at the beginning of the month. This sentence focuses on the autumn dew and the new moon, and uses two new and appropriate metaphors to describe the charming scene of the late autumn moon night.
The poet created a harmonious and peaceful artistic conception through the description of the visual images of “dew” and “moon”. With such novel and ingenious metaphors, he meticulously colored the nature, described the appearance and shape, and presented a wonderful picture to the readers. There seems to be a lack of time connection between the description of the Twilight River and the praise of the moon dew. The “night” of “the third night of the first month of September” virtually connects the time. It connects with the “evening” on the top and the “dew” and “moon” on the bottom, which means that the poet has enjoyed the moon from dusk to the top and bottom, which implies the poet’s love for nature.
In addition, what is worth the reader’s attention is the problem of time in this poem. There are three different “times” in “Song of the Twilight River”. According to the above analysis, the first two sentences of “Song of the Twilight River” are written before sunset (a short period of time) or at sunset; The last two sentences mainly write after sunset (a short period of time), that is, dusk; The last two sentences also lead to a period of time at night. This is completely in line with the author’s viewing order, that is, the author saw “the setting sun shines” before sunset, saw “the moon looks like a bow” after sunset, and saw “the dew looks like a real pearl” at night. Most data agree that “the moon is like a bow” and “the dew is like a pearl” were seen by the author at the same time in the night, with the sky in the front and the earth in the back. In fact, this is due to the lack of astronomical and meteorological knowledge and the neglect of the “time difference” between the two natural phenomena. As mentioned earlier, when the author saw “the third day of September” and “the moon is like a bow”, it could only be shortly after sunset. At this time, as the sun has just set, the ground has not lost much heat, and the cool dew has not yet formed; By the time of “dew like pearls” at night, the bow like moon had already sunk below the western horizon. ▲
