Listen to this article赏析
这首诗描绘的是秋之色，展现出一幅动人的山林秋色图。诗里写了山路、人家、白云、红叶，构成一幅和谐统一的画面。这些景物不是并列的处于同等地位，而是有机地联系在一起，有主有从，有的处于画面的中心，有的则处于陪衬地位。简单来说，前三句是宾，第四句是主，前三句是为第四句描绘背景、创造气氛，起铺垫和烘托作用的。
首句“远上寒山石径斜”，由下而上，写一条石头小路蜿蜒曲折地伸向充满秋意的山峦。“寒”字点明深秋季节;“远”字写出山路的绵长;“斜”字照应句首的“远”字，写出了高而缓的山势。由于坡度不大，故可乘车游山。
次句“白云深处有人家”，描写诗人山行时所看到的远处风光。一个“深”字，形象地表现了白云升腾、缭绕和飘浮种种动态，也说明山很高。“有人家”三字会使人联想到炊烟袅袅，鸡鸣犬吠，从而感到深山充满生气，没有一点儿死寂的恐怖。“有人家”三字还照应了上句中的“石径”，因为这“石径”便是山里居民的通道。
对这些景物，诗人只是在作客观的描述。虽然用了一个“寒”字，也只是为了逗出下文的“晚”字和“霜”字，并不表现诗人的感情倾向。它毕竟还只是在为后面的描写蓄势—勾勒枫林所在的环境。
“停车坐爱枫林晚”便不同了，倾向性已经很鲜明，很强烈了。那山路、白云、人家都没有使诗人动心，这枫林晚景却使得他惊喜之情难以抑制。为了要停下来领略这山林风光，竟然顾不得驱车赶路。这句中的“晚”字用得无比精妙，它蕴含多层意思：（1）点明前两句是白天所见，后两句则是傍晚之景。（2）因为傍晚才有夕照，绚丽的晚霞和红艳的枫叶互相辉映，枫林才格外美丽。（3）诗人流连忘返，到了傍晚，还舍不得登车离去，足见他对红叶喜爱之极。（4）因为停车甚久，观察入微，才能悟出第四句“霜叶红于二月花”这样富有理趣的警句。
第四句是全诗的中心，是诗人浓墨重彩、凝聚笔力写出来的。不仅前两句疏淡的景致成了这艳丽秋色的衬托，即使“停车坐爱枫林晚”一句，看似抒情叙事，实际上也起着写景衬托的作用：那停车而望、陶然而醉的诗人，也成了景色的一部分，有了这种景象，才更显出秋色的迷人。而一笔重写之后，戛然便止，又显得情韵悠扬，余味无穷。
这是一首秋色的赞歌。诗人没有像古代一般文人那样，在秋季到来的时候，哀伤叹息。他歌颂的是大自然的秋色美，体现出了豪爽向上的精神，有一种英爽俊拔之气拂诸笔端，表现了诗人的才气，也表现了诗人的见地。
appreciation
This poem depicts the color of autumn, showing a moving picture of autumn in the mountains. The poem depicts mountain roads, families, white clouds and red leaves, forming a harmonious and unified picture. These scenes are not juxtaposed in the same position, but organically linked, with the master and subordinate, some in the center of the picture, and some in the foil position. To put it simply, the first three sentences are the object, and the fourth sentence is the subject. The first three sentences describe the background, create the atmosphere, and play a role of bedding and foil for the fourth sentence.
The first sentence, “The stone path of the cold mountain is sloping from afar”, describes a stone path winding up to the autumn mountains from the bottom to the top. The word “cold” indicates the late autumn season; The word “far” indicates the length of mountain road; The word “oblique” corresponds to the word “far” at the beginning of the sentence, and gives a high and gentle mountain. Due to the small slope, you can take a bus to the mountain.
The second sentence, “There are people in the depths of the white clouds”, describes the distant scenery that the poet saw when traveling in the mountains. The word “deep” vividly shows the rising, winding and floating of white clouds, and also shows that the mountain is very high. The word “someone else” will remind people of the smoke curling from the kitchen and the crowing and barking of chickens and dogs, so that they can feel the deep mountain is full of vitality and there is no terror of stillness. The word “Youjia” also refers to the “stone path” in the above sentence, because this “stone path” is the path for mountain residents.
The poet is only making an objective description of these scenes. Although the word “cold” is used, it is just to tease out the words “late” and “frost” below, which does not show the poet’s emotional tendency. After all, it is just preparing for the following description – outlining the environment where Maple Forest is located.
“Stop and sit in Maple Forest Evening” is different, and the tendency has been very clear and strong. The mountain road, white clouds and other people did not move the poet, but the late view of the maple forest made him surprised. In order to stop and enjoy the scenery of the mountain forest, I even couldn’t drive. The word “evening” in this sentence is very ingeniously used, and it contains multiple meanings: (1) The first two sentences of Dianming are seen in the daytime, and the last two sentences are the scenes in the evening. (2) Because there is only sunset in the evening, the beautiful sunset and the red maple leaves reflect each other, and the maple forest is particularly beautiful. (3) The poet lingered on and forgot to return. In the evening, he was reluctant to board the bus and leave, which showed that he loved Hongye very much. (4) Because I stopped for a long time and observed carefully, I could understand the fourth reasonable aphorism, “Frost leaves are redder than February flowers”.
The fourth sentence is the center of the whole poem, which is written by the poet in thick ink. Not only the first two sparse scenes become the backdrop of this gorgeous autumn scenery, but even if the sentence “stop to sit and love the maple forest evening” seems to be a lyrical narrative, it actually plays a role in setting off the scenery: the poet who stops to look and is intoxicated becomes a part of the scenery, and with this kind of scene, the charm of autumn scenery is more apparent. And after a rewrite, it suddenly stops, and it also appears melodious and lasting.
This is a paean of autumn. The poet did not mourn and sigh when autumn came, as ordinary ancient literati did. What he eulogized was the autumn beauty of nature, which reflected the forthright and upward spirit. There was a kind of handsome air in his writing, which showed the poet’s talent and insight.
