Listen to this article郑诵先 章草：杜甫《漫兴九首》（其三）
【释文】熟知茅斋绝低小，江上燕子故来频。衔泥点污琴书内，更接飞虫打着人。
【款识】博老书家政之，杜少陵七绝一首，诵先。
【简析】
这首诗写频频飞入草堂书斋里的燕子扰人的情景。首句说茅斋的极度低矮狭窄，“熟知”，乃就燕子言。连江上的燕子都非常熟悉这茅斋的低小，大概是更宜于筑巢吧！所以第二句接着说“故来频”。燕子频频而来，自然要引起主人的烦恼。三、四两句就细致地描写了燕子在层内的活动：筑巢衔泥点污了琴书不算，还要追捕飞虫甚至碰着了人。诗人以明白如话的口语，作了细腻生动的刻画，给人以亲切逼真的实感；而且透过实感，使人联想到这低小的茅斋，由于江燕的频频进扰，使主人也难以容身了。从而写出了草堂困居，诗人心境诸多烦扰的情态。明代王嗣奭《杜臆》就此诗云：“远客孤居，一时遭遇，多有不可人意者。”这种不可人意，还是由客愁生发，借燕子引出禽鸟亦若欺人的感慨。
王夫之在《姜斋诗话》中说：“情景名为二，而实不可离。神于诗者，妙合无垠。巧者则有情中景，景中情”。杜甫这首诗也是善于景中含情的一例。全诗俱从茅斋江燕着笔，三、四两句更是描写燕子动作的景语，就在这“点污琴书”、“打着人”的精细描写中，包蕴着远客孤居的诸多烦扰和心绪不宁的神情，体物缘情，神物妙合。“不可人意”的心情，诗句中虽不着一字，却全都在景物描绘中表现出来了。全诗富有韵味，耐人咀嚼。
【Simple Translation】
This poem is about the swallows that frequently fly into the cottage’s study and disturb people. The first line says that the thatched cottage is extremely low and narrow, “familiar with”, is on the swallows speak. Even the swallows on the river are very familiar with the low small thatched cottage, probably more suitable for nesting it! So the second sentence goes on to say “so come frequently”. The swallows come frequently, naturally to cause the owner’s trouble. The third and fourth lines describe in detail the activities of the swallows in the floor: they build nests and mud and stain the books, but they also chase flying insects and even bump into people. The poet made a delicate and vivid portrayal of the poet’s words, giving people a sense of intimacy and realism; and through the sense of realism, it makes people think of the small thatched cottage, due to the frequent disturbance of the river swallows, so that the owner can not accommodate. Thus, the poet’s state of mind is troubled by the hut’s predicament. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Jishu’s poem “Du Gui” says: “The faraway guest living alone, a momentary encounter, there are many inhumane people.” This kind of inhumane, or from the guest sorrow to develop, through the swallow to lead to the birds also if the deception of the feelings of people.
Wang Fuzhi in the “Jiang Zhai poetry” said: “the scene is called two, but the reality is inseparable. God in the poem, the wonderful combination of infinite. The tricky part is that there are scenes in the scenes, scenes in the scenes”. This poem by Du Fu is also an example of a poem that is good at containing emotions in the scene. The entire poem starts with the swallows in the cottage, and the third and fourth lines are describing the movements of the swallows in the scene. The mood of “not humanly possible” is expressed in the scenery, though not in a single word of the poem. The whole poem is rhyming and chewy.
