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显然，诗中暗寓的是作者自己的遭际与感受。孤鸿是自喻，而双翠鸟则指在朝中窃据高位的李林甫、牛仙客之流。全诗以孤鸿的口气，写出了诗人的政治生活中所受到的不公正待遇和高逸的情怀。
全诗共十句，可分为两层。前四句为第一层，借孤鸿所见，描写双翠鸟盛气凌人、得意忘形的神态；前两句很耐人寻味，经历过大海上的惊涛骇浪的孤鸿，对对一条小小的护城河却不敢顾，说明人世（特别是朝廷）的险恶远远超过了自然界的险恶。而在这孤鸿“不敢顾”的地方有一双小小的翡翠鸟却竟在珍贵的三珠树上营巢，高高在上，气势熏天。“侧见”有两重意义，一是说明翡翠鸟盛气凌人，不可一世，令人侧目而视；二是说纵然翡翠鸟悲气焰嚣张，但孤鸿对之却不屑正视，由此，也就引发出第二层，即第五句以下的六句。前两句从翡翠鸟骄横情态，想到它们会招致的后果提出问题，这是一个反问。翡翠鸟站立在珍木之颠，窃据高位，飞扬跋扈，难道就不怕别人难以容忍吗？不怕从背后打来的致命的金弹吗？接着平静地指出了一条耐人寻味的生活哲理：“美服患人指，高明逼神恶。”物极必反，地位与权势在官场中愈显赫，也就愈易成为别人猎取的目标，覆灭的日子也就愈近。正因如此，诗中这只孤独的鸿雁，并不艳慕翠鸟一时的荣耀，也不怨恨自己的一时失意，这就引发了最后两句，孤鸿自己决心高举苍冥，翱翔云中，让那些“弋者”的欲望无法得逞。这里所暗寓的是诗人不羡慕荣贵，澹泊名利和决意隐退的情怀，同时也进一步衬托出了翠鸟多代表的小人们狭隘、浅薄的品行。第二层写出了孤鸿的感受。
在描写中，作者始终注意从对比的角度去表现孤鸿与翠鸟的境况。孤雁之于翠鸟，一独一双，一大一小，一质朴一华艳，一方来自浩瀚大海，一方守者小小池潢。然而，小巧的翠鸟却是高高在上，统领要地。“三珠树”，是神仙世界的珍木，它们“巢居”于上，可谓显贵之至。与此相反，硕大的鸿雁对双翠鸟只能“侧见”，甚至“不敢顾”那暗指朝廷的“池潢”，可知其处境的低微与险恶，更反衬出了翠鸟们不可一世的气焰。真可谓黄钟毁弃，瓦釜雷鸣。
此诗本是借自然界的禽鸟寄寓作者的境遇与感慨，但由于作品巧妙地选用了鸿雁与翠鸟的形象、成功地写出了它们的特点，使得作品的意义远远超出了寓意本身，反映了一种普遍性的社会现象和生活哲理。▲
appreciation
Obviously, what is implied in the poem is the author’s own experiences and feelings. Gu Hong is a self metaphor, while Shuang Kingfisher refers to Li Linfu, Niu Xianke and others who steal high positions in the imperial court. The whole poem, in the tone of a lone swan, describes the unjust treatment and lofty feelings of the poet in his political life.
The whole poem has ten sentences, which can be divided into two layers. The first four sentences are on the first level. From Gu Hong’s point of view, they describe the two kingfishers’ overbearing, arrogant attitude; The first two sentences are very thought-provoking. Gu Hong, who has experienced the rough seas on the sea, does not dare to look at a small moat, which shows that the dangers of the world (especially the imperial court) far exceed those of nature. However, in this place where Gu Hong “dared not visit”, there was a pair of small emerald birds nesting on the precious three bead tree, towering above the sky. “Side view” has two meanings. One is to show that the emerald bird is arrogant and arrogant; Second, even though the emerald bird is full of grief and arrogance, Gu Hong disdains it, which leads to the second level, that is, six sentences below the fifth sentence. The first two sentences ask questions from the arrogance of the emerald birds, thinking of the consequences they will incur. This is a rhetorical question. The emerald bird stands on the top of the precious trees, steals high positions and is arrogant. Aren’t you afraid that others will be intolerant? Aren’t you afraid of the deadly golden bullet from behind? Then he calmly pointed out a thought-provoking philosophy of life: “Beauty overpowers human fingers, but cleverness forces evil gods.” When things are extreme, they will turn against each other. The more prominent status and power become in officialdom, the easier it will be for others to hunt for them, and the closer the day of ruin will be. Because of this, the lonely goose in the poem does not admire the glory of the kingfisher or resent his disappointment, which leads to the last two sentences. Gu Hong himself is determined to hold the sky high and soar in the clouds, so that the desire of those “cruisers” cannot be fulfilled. What is implied here is the poet’s feelings of not admiring honor and honour, being indifferent to fame and wealth, and determined to retire, which further sets off the narrow and shallow character of the little people represented by kingfishers. The second layer describes the feelings of Gu Hong.
In the description, the author always pays attention to the situation of Guhong and Kingfisher from the perspective of contrast. Lone geese are unique to kingfishers. They are large and small. They are simple and colorful. One side comes from the vast sea, and the other side guards a small pool. However, the small kingfisher is high above the others. The “three pearl trees” are precious trees in the immortal world. They “nest” on the top, which can be said to be the most prestigious. On the contrary, the giant wild goose can only “see” the twin kingfishers, or even “dare not look” at the imperial court’s “pool decoration”. It can be seen that their low and dangerous situation reflects the kingfishers’ arrogance. It is really a time of destruction and destruction.
This poem is based on birds in the nature to express the author’s circumstances and feelings, but because the work skillfully selects the images of wild geese and kingfishers and successfully writes their characteristics, the meaning of the work goes far beyond the moral itself, reflecting a universal social phenomenon and life philosophy. ▲
