Listen to this article赏析
本诗一开头就用一个“好”字赞美“雨”。为什么好呢，因为它“知时节”。这里就是把雨拟人化，其中“知”字用得传神，简直把雨给写活了。春天是万物萌芽生长的季节，正需要下雨，雨就下起来了。它的确很“好”。
颔联进一步表现雨的“好”，其中“潜”、“润”、“细”等字生动地写出了雨“好”的特点。雨之所以“好”，好就好在适时，好在“润物”。“随风潜入夜，润物细无声。”这仍然用的是拟人化手法。“潜入夜”和“细无声”相配合，不仅表明那雨是伴随和风而来的细雨，而且表明那雨有意“润物”，无意讨“好”。如果有意讨“好”，它就会在白天来，就会造一点声势，让人们看得见，听得清。惟其有意“润物”，无意讨“好”，它才选择了一个不妨碍人们工作和劳动的时间悄悄地来，在人们酣睡的夜晚无声地、细细地下。
紧接着颈联从视觉角度描写雨夜景色。在不太阴沉的夜间，小路比田野容易看得见，江面也比岸上容易辨得清。如今放眼四望，“野径云俱黑，江船火独明。”只有船上的灯火是明的。此外，连江面也看不见，小路也辨不清，天空里全是黑沉沉的云，地上也像云一样黑。看起来这雨准会下到天亮。这两句写出了夜雨的美丽景象，“黑”与“明”相互映衬，不仅点明了云厚雨足，而且给人以强烈的美感。
尾联是想象中的雨后情景，紧扣题中的“喜”字写想象中的雨后之晨锦官城的迷人景象。如此“好雨”下上一夜，万物就都得到润泽，发荣滋长起来了。万物之一的花，最能代表春色的花，也就带雨开放，红艳欲滴。诗人说：等到明天清早去看看吧，整个锦官城（成都）杂花生树，一片“红湿”，一朵朵红艳艳、沉甸甸，汇成花的海洋。“红湿”“花重”等字词的运用，充分说明诗人体物细腻。
诗人盼望这样的“好雨”，喜爱这们的“好雨”。所以题目中的那个“喜”字在诗里虽然没有露面，但“‘喜’意都从罅缝里迸透”（浦起龙《读杜心解》）。诗人正在盼望春雨“润物”的时候，雨下起来了，于是一上来就满心欢喜地叫“好”。第二联所写，是诗人听出来的。诗人倾耳细听，听出那雨在春夜里绵绵密密地下，只为“润物”，不求人知，自然“喜”得睡不着觉。由于那雨“润物细无声”，听不真切，生怕它停止了，所以出门去看。第三联所写，是诗人看见的。看见雨意正浓，就情不自禁地想象天明以后春色满城的美景。其无限喜悦的心情，表现得十分生动。中唐诗人李约有一首《观祈雨》：“桑条无叶土生烟，箫管迎龙水庙前。朱门几处看歌舞，犹恐春阴咽管弦。”和那些朱门里看歌舞的人相比，杜甫对春雨“润物”的喜悦之情自然也是一种很崇高的感情。
appreciation
The poem begins with a “good” word to praise “rain”. Why is it good? Because it “knows the season”. Here is the personification of rain, in which the word “know” is used vividly, and the rain is simply written alive. Spring is the season when everything sprouts and grows. When it needs rain, it starts to rain. It’s really “good”.
The couplet further expresses the “good” of rain, in which the words “submersible”, “run”, and “fine” vividly describe the characteristics of “good” of rain. The reason why rain is “good” is that it is good to be timely, and it is good to “moisten things”. “Dive into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.” This is still anthropomorphic. The combination of “sneaking into the night” and “silent” not only indicates that the rain is a drizzle accompanied by gentle wind, but also indicates that the rain is intended to “moisten things” and not to “please”. If they want to be “good”, they will come in the daytime and create a little momentum so that people can see and hear them clearly. Only when he intended to “moisten things” and didn’t mean to “get good”, he chose a time that did not interfere with people’s work and labor to come quietly, silently and carefully on the night when people slept soundly.
Then the neck couplet describes the rainy night scenery from a visual angle. On a less gloomy night, the path is easier to see than the fields, and the river is easier to distinguish than the shore. Now, looking around, “The clouds on the wild path are dark, and the river boat fire is bright.” Only the lights on the ship were on. In addition, you can’t even see the river, you can’t distinguish the path, the sky is full of dark clouds, and the ground is as black as clouds. It looks as if it will rain till dawn. These two sentences describe the beautiful scene of rain at night. The “black” and “bright” complement each other, not only pointing out the thick clouds and rain, but also giving people a strong sense of beauty.
The tail couplet is an imaginary scene after the rain, which closely follows the word “Xi” in the title to describe the charming scene of Jinguan City in the morning after the rain. All things will be moistened and prospered after the “good rain” last night. One of the flowers of all things, the most representative of spring flowers, also bring rain to open, red and beautiful. The poet said: Go to see it tomorrow morning. The whole Jinguan City (Chengdu) is a sea of flowers. The use of words such as “Hongshi” and “Huazhong” fully demonstrates the poet’s delicate body.
The poet looked forward to such “good rain” and loved it. Therefore, the word “Xi” in the title did not appear in the poem, but “the meaning of” Xi “burst through the cracks” (Pu Qilong’s “Reading Du Xinjie”). The poet was looking forward to the spring rain “moistening things” when it started to rain, so he called it “good” with joy as soon as it came up. The second couplet is written by the poet. The poet listened carefully and heard that the rain was falling on the spring night, just for “moistening things”. He did not ask for people to know, so naturally he was “happy” and could not sleep. As the rain “moistens things silently”, I can’t really hear it. I’m afraid it will stop, so I went out to see it. The third couplet was written by the poet. Seeing the heavy rain, I couldn’t help imagining the beautiful scenery of the city in spring after dawn. His boundless joy was vividly expressed. Li Yue, a poet of the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote “Watching the Rain”: “The mulberry leaves are leafless and the soil is full of smoke. The bamboo pipes meet in front of the Longshui Temple. Watching songs and dances in several places of Zhumen, you are afraid of swallowing the strings in spring.” Compared with those who watch singing and dancing in Zhumen, Du Fu’s delight in the spring rain “moistening things” is naturally a very lofty feeling.
