Chinese Cities – Tianjin

Tianjin is located in the northern part of the North China Plain, bordering the Bohai Sea to the east and Yanshan Mountain to the north. It is located between 116°43′ and 118°04′ east longitude and 38°34′ and 40°15′ north latitude. The city center is located at 117°10′ east longitude and 39°10′ north latitude.

Tianjin is located in the lower reaches of the Haihe River, straddling the banks of the Haihe River, 189 kilometers long from north to south and 117 kilometers wide from west to east. The land boundary is 1,137 kilometers long, and the coastline is 153 kilometers long. It is the traffic throat of Beijing to the northeast and east China regions and the port for ocean shipping. It is known as the “heavy point of the river and the sea” and the “gateway to Jifu”. It has a vast hinterland, radiates 13 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in North China, Northeast, and Northwest China, and faces Northeast Asia. It is the largest open coastal city in North China.

The geological structure of Tianjin is complex and most of it is covered by Cenozoic sediments. The terrain is dominated by plains and depressions, with low mountains and hills in the north, and the elevation gradually decreases from north to south. The highest in the north, with an elevation of 1052 meters; the lowest in the southeast, with an elevation of 3.5 meters. The highest peak in the city: Jiushan Peak (1078.5 meters above sea level). The general outline of the landform is high in the northwest and low in the southeast.

Tianjin has three terrains: mountains, hills and plains, with plains accounting for about 93%. Except for the areas where the north and the south side of Yanshan Mountain are mostly mountainous, the rest are alluvial plains. The mountains in the north of Jixian County are low mountains and hills below the altitude of one kilometer. Close to the mountains is a sloping plain composed of alluvial alluvial fans, distributed in a fan shape. The sloping plain is the alluvial plain to the south and the coastal plain to the southeast.

Tianjin is located in the north temperate zone on the east coast of the mid-latitude Eurasian continent. It is mainly dominated by the monsoon circulation. It is an area where the East Asian monsoon prevails and belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate. Close to the Bohai Bay, the ocean climate has a more obvious impact on Tianjin.

The main climate characteristics are: four distinct seasons, windy spring, drought and little rain; hot summer, concentrated rain; cool air in autumn, moderate cold and warm; cold winter, dry and less snow. Therefore, late spring, early summer and autumn are the best places to travel to Tianjin. season. In the winter half of the year, there are more northwest winds, lower temperatures and less precipitation; in the summer half of the year, the Pacific subtropical warm high pressure is strengthened, mainly southerly winds, with higher temperatures and more precipitation. Sometimes there will be spring droughts. The annual average temperature in Tianjin is about 14℃, July is the hottest, and the monthly average temperature is 28℃; the highest temperature in history is 41.6℃. January is the coldest month, with an average monthly temperature of -2°C. The lowest temperature in history is -17.8°C. The average annual precipitation is between 360-970 mm, and the average (1949-2010) average is around 600 mm.

Tianjin straddles the two banks of the Haihe River, and the Haihe River is the largest river in North China. There are more than 300 tributaries with an upstream length of more than 10 kilometers, which join the North Canal, Yongding River, Daqing River, Ziya River and South Canal near the middle reaches. The river merges into the main stream of the Haihe River at Sanchakou near Tianjin Jingang Bridge and enters the sea from Dagukou. The main stream is 72 kilometers long, with an average river width of 100 meters and a water depth of 3-5 meters. Historically, the river was navigable by 3,000 tons of sea vessels.

As of the end of 2019, the city’s permanent population was 15,618,300, an increase of 22,300 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the foreign population is 4,990,100, accounting for 32.0% of the city’s permanent population. Among the permanent residents, the urban population is 13,038,200, and the urbanization rate is 83.48%. The permanent population has a birth rate of 6.73‰, a mortality rate of 5.30‰, and a natural growth rate of 1.43‰. At the end of the year, the city’s household registration population was 11.81,800.

According to the results of the seventh national population census, the permanent resident population in Tianjin at 0:00 on November 1, 2020 was 13,866,009.